Melatonin, 5HTP, L-theanine Research related to Insomnia

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Melatonin

Circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Taking melatonin orally helps improve circadian rhythm sleep disorders in blind children and adults. Melatonin has FDA orphan drug status for this indication (1082,1691,1744,1749,6585).
Sleep-wake cycle disturbances. Taking melatonin orally is helpful for sleep-wake cycle disturbances in children and adolescents with mental retardation, autism, and other central nervous system disorders (1056,1745,1746,1747,1771). Melatonin also appears to improve the time to fall asleep in children with developmental disabilities, including cerebral palsy, autism, and mental retardation (9707). Melatonin treatment seems to subjectively improve secondary lack of sleep associated with various sleep-wake cycle disturbances (1053,1729,8240,8245).

After a typical oral dosage, an average of 30-60 % of the melatonin is rapidly metabolized by this first pass effect

N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine

Lack of sleep . For primary lack of sleep , short-term melatonin treatment appears to modestly reduce the time it takes to fall asleep (sleep latency). This reduction in sleep latency appears to amount to only about 12 minutes and might not be considered clinically relevant. Melatonin does not appear to significantly improve sleep efficiency (15005). Despite lack of objective improvements, some patients report minor improvement in subjective feelings of sleep quality (1070,1083,12226). More evidence is needed on the long-term effects of melatonin for primary lack of sleep .
Some evidence suggests that melatonin might be most beneficial for lack of sleep in elderly patients who could be melatonin deficient compared to younger adults or children (1072,1729,1738,1754,7081,15005).
Sustained-release melatonin preparations might to be better for improving sleep maintenance (1738,1754), and immediate-release preparations might to be more beneficial for decreasing sleep latency (1738).
In children with lack of sleep due to delayed onset of sleep, melatonin seems to shorten the time that it takes to fall asleep and increase the duration of sleep (9708).
There is contradictory evidence about the effectiveness of melatonin for secondary lack of sleep (14283). Some evidence suggests that melatonin improves secondary lack of sleep related to depression (1053,1729), schizophrenia (8245), Alzheimer's disease (1729), hospitalization (9709), and lack of sleep termed "ICU syndrome" referring to sleep disturbances while in the intensive care unit (8240). However, a pooled analysis of studies of melatonin for secondary lack of sleep suggest that it might not be effective for decreasing the time it takes to fall asleep (sleep latency). But it might modestly increase sleep efficiency (14283